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P&A Colloquium

Physics & Astronomy Colloquium

Igor Pikovski - Stevens Institute of Technology

Title: 

Demystifying graviton detection

Abstract:

The merger of quantum theory with gravity is one of the main open problems in physics with little experimental input to date. But now quantum technologies have opened new opportunities to test the interplay of the two theories and even to test the quantization of gravity itself. Here I will present a recent result from our group which shows that gravitons -- the expected quanta of gravity -- can be detected. The conventional wisdom was that detecting a single graviton would require something like a Jupiter-sized detector orbiting a neutron star. I will explain how a different, far more efficient detection process circumvents these earlier estimates, allowing a laboratory-scale experiment to accomplish the same goal. This concept opens a new experimental field built on quantum technology, offering an opportunity to directly probe the predicted quanta of gravity and their statistics in gravitational waves.

 


 

Date:
-
Location:
CP 155
Event Series:

Physics & Astronomy + Chemistry Joint Colloquium

Title: Probing Nuclear Collective Dynamics with Polarized Photons at Hlγs 

Abstract: Electromagnetic probes provide a clean and selective window into the microscopic structure of atomic nuclei. Real photons couple directly to nuclear charge and current distributions with minimal distortion from the interaction mechanism, making resonant photon scattering particularly well suited for high-resolution studies of electric and magnetic dipole excitations. In this seminar, I will present recent photon-scattering measurements performed with quasi-monochromatic, highly polarized beams at the High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HIγS) at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory. 

These experiments map dipole-strength distributions from low excitation energies to the vicinity of the particle-emission threshold, where the interplay of single-particle configurations and collective dynamics produces fragmented and often complex excitation patterns. Polarization asymmetries and angular distributions are used to determine multipole character, while measured intensities and decay branches provide access to reduced transition probabilities, branching ratios, and photon-strength functions. 

Selected results will be compared with state-of-the-art microscopic calculations and complementary measurements using hadronic probes. These comparisons elucidate the structure and evolution of low-energy dipole collectivity, test modern nuclear models, and constrain electromagnetic response functions relevant to nuclear reaction theory, astrophysical reaction rates, and nucleosynthesis.

A headshot of Dr. Akaa D. Ayangeakaa smiling at the camera.

Bio: Akaa D. Ayangeakaa is an associate professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a faculty member at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory. He joined UNC in 2020 after serving as an assistant professor in the Department of Physics at the U.S.  Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. Before his faculty appointments, he was a postdoctoral research fellow in the Physics Division at Argonne National Laboratory. He earned his Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics from the University of Notre Dame, where he also completed an M.S. in experimental nuclear physics. He also holds an M.Sc. in radiation and environmental protection from the University of Surrey in the United Kingdom and a B.Sc. in physics from Benue State University.

Ayangeakaa is an experimental nuclear physicist whose research focuses on the structure and dynamics of atomic nuclei. His work investigates how the interactions of protons and neutrons give rise to collective nuclear phenomena, including shell evolution, shape coexistence, triaxial deformation, quadrupole collectivity, high-spin structure and electromagnetic response. His research group uses advanced experimental techniques such as gamma-ray spectroscopy, Coulomb excitation, nuclear resonance fluorescence and in-beam spectroscopy at major national user facilities, including TUNL, Argonne National Laboratory and the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams.

At UNC, Ayangeakaa teaches a range of undergraduate and graduate courses. His teaching portfolio includes introductory physics, experimental physics laboratory courses and classical mechanics. He is teaching PHYS 885, the introductory graduate seminar, which helps incoming graduate students develop the professional, research and academic skills needed for success in graduate school and beyond.

In addition to his teaching and research, Ayangeakaa serves as associate chair for graduate studies and director of graduate studies, where he helps oversee graduate education, student progress, admissions, mentoring and graduate-program development. He has also contributed to departmental committees related to graduate admissions, diversity, undergraduate affairs and student training.

Ayangeakaa is active in the broader nuclear physics community through national and international service. He has served on organizing and advisory committees, reviewed proposals for federal funding agencies, refereed manuscripts for leading nuclear physics journals and contributed to community-wide efforts aimed at strengthening nuclear science. Through his research, teaching, mentoring and service, he is committed to advancing the understanding of the atomic nucleus while training the next generation of scientists.

Date:
-
Location:
CP-114 (Meet the Speaker) & CP-139 (Colloquium)
Event Series:

Physics & Astronomy Colloquium

Dr. David Allred, Brigham Young University

Title: Addressing Material Science issues on the way to NASA habitable worlds Observatory and Beyond

Abstract: If the technology is sufficiently matured, NASA's next flagship mission is likely to be the Habitable Worlds Observatory. This observatory for the late ‘30’s will also be capable of far UV Optical measurements.

In conjunction with NASA scientists, BYU's Thin films for Space Optics Research Group has been addressing some of the material science issues important for extending observations into the far UV using characterization tools of the 21st century including spectroscopic ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.  We have also been doing studies on a potential alternative to the internal coronagraph currently contemplated for the Habex mission. 

I will discuss dust, lifetime studies and the cleaning and storage of delicate optics and hygroscopic materials with polymers, including first contact polymer. This presentation is aimed at advanced undergraduate students and beginning graduate students while at the same time reviewing and teaching aspects of optics that may be of interest to all. 

Date:
-
Location:
CP 153
Event Series:

Physics & Astronomy Colloquium

Dr. Joel Leja, Penn State University

Title
Again but faster, better and with more physics: ML-accelerated inference of galaxy properties in deep and wide surveys of the universe
 
Abstract
The inference of the physical properties of galaxies at cosmological distance requires modeling a wide range of physics, including e.g. stellar evolution and atmospheres; dust attenuation and re-emission; nebular physics;  and AGN emission. Bayesian inference is often used to map the inevitable degeneracies, and the large amount of physics and wide parameter space means these codes are typically not fast. Yet current and near-future surveys of the universe will yield spectra for millions of galaxies and imaging for billions. 
 
I will introduce new tactics employed to speed up these codes, ranging from neural net emulators of key physics (photoionization modeling; stellar spectra) to efficient gradient-enhanced GPU-accelerated high-dimensional sampling to rapid simulation-based inference. These tactics yield speed-ups of somewhere between 100x and 100,000x with different trade-offs in flexibility and accuracy. In addition to unlocking industrial-scale modeling of galaxy surveys, I will discuss qualitatively new science directions enabled by these breakthroughs, such as modeling entire galaxy populations rather than one-at-a-time approaches and extremely high dimensional modeling of individual systems, e.g. spatially resolved modeling.
Date:
-
Location:
CP 153
Event Series:

Physics & Astronomy Colloquium

Dr. Ronald Garcia-Ruiz, MIT

Title: Radioactive Molecules are Dying to Reveal New Physics

Abstract: Rapid advances in the control and interrogation of individual atoms and molecules are opening new avenues for probing the properties of fundamental particles and their interactions. In particular, molecules containing heavy, radioactive nuclei with reflection-asymmetric shapes provide exceptional sensitivity to parity- and time-reversal-violating nuclear effects. Precision measurements in these systems therefore offer a powerful approach to addressing major open questions in fundamental physics, including the origin of the matter–antimatter asymmetry of the universe, the strong CP problem and the possible existence of physics beyond the Standard Model. 

In this colloquium, I will present recent results and future directions in precision studies of these exotic systems, with a focus on radium-containing molecules. I will discuss how such molecules are emerging as a compelling new frontier in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model.

Date:
-
Location:
CP 153
Event Series:

Physics & Astronomy Colloquium

CANCELLED

Dr. Jim Sauls, LSU

Title: The Left Hand of the Electron in a Chiral Vacuum

Abstract: In 1957, parity violation by the weak force was demonstrated in experiments led by Chien-Shiung Wu on the asymmetry of electron currents emitted in the beta decay of polarized 60Co. The asymmetry reflects two broken symmetries that mirror reflection and time-reversal. 

The same year, Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer published their microscopic theory of superconductivity, and soon thereafter Anderson and Morel proposed that the ground-state of liquid 3He was possibly a BCS condensate of chiral p-wave Cooper pairs, exhibiting spontaneously broken mirror reflection and time-reversal symmetries. 

Indeed, the high-pressure phase of superfluid 3He, discovered in 1972, is the realization of the Anderson-Morel state.Definitive proof that 3He-A spontaneously breaks mirror and time-reversal symmetry, however, came 41 years later with the observation an anomalous Hall effect for electrons moving in 3He-A. I discuss the prediction, discovery and origin of the anomalous Hall current of electrons moving in a chiral vacuum.

Date:
-
Location:
CP 153
Event Series:

Physics & Astronomy Colloquium

Dr. Ryan MacLellan, University of Kentucky

Title: 

What will be the next surprise from neutrinos

Abstract:
Neutrinos are the last remaining pieces of the Standard Model of Particle Physics with unknown mass. The fact that they have mass at all has been the only new physics discovered in the Standard Model in generations. Although we do not know the scale of neutrino mass, there is strong evidence that it is sufficiently small that measuring it will be even more challenging than its discovery. The smallness of their mass begs the question: do neutrinos acquire mass through the same mechanism as all of the other, charged, elementary fermions? Neutrinos, being neutral fermions, are the only particles that can be Majorana fermions, which might naturally explain not only the smallness of their mass, but also help explain why the Universe is dominated by matter.

Neutrino-less double-beta decay provides both an "intense" source of potentially Majorana neutrinos and a likely non-negligible capacity to detect them. The process probes baryon-number minus lepton-number conservation, the Majorana nature of neutrinos and possibly the origin of neutrino masses. However, interesting lifetimes to probe already exceed 10^26 yr.  I will describe the nEXO experiment, a 5-tonne enriched Xenon experiment with sensitivity extending beyond 10^28 yr, or >100 times the current state of the art, as the project I have dedicated my research efforts to over the past 12-1 yr. Since the nEXO project has been indefinitely suspended by DOE, I will also introduce a novel program for the direct measurement of the neutrino mass scale using Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy. The project is called Project 8. Dr. Crawford and I hope our Department will contribute to Project 8 over the next decade or more and eventually to a measurement of the neutrino mass scale.

Date:
-
Location:
CP 153
Event Series:

Physics & Astronomy Colloquium

Dr. Emmanuel Momjian, National Radio Astronomy Observatory

Title: The Highest Redshift Quasars at the Highest Angular Resolutions 

Abstract: Quasars at the highest redshifts offer laboratories to study the interplay among supermassive black holes, the host galaxies and their larger environments during one of universe's most transformative epochs. In recent years, optical surveys revealed large samples of quasars out to z ≥ 7, and studies have shown that at such high redshifts we are effectively within the Epoch of Reionization, when the first stars and massive black holes were formed. Despite the large number of quasars discovered at high redshifts, observations at radio wavelengths show that only some are radio loud.

In this talk, I will present very high angular resolution studies on various radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars at redshifts z > 4. I will showcase results on extreme infra-red emitters at z > 4,  the most extended radio source discovered at z~6 and the highest redshift radio-loud source known-to-date within the Epoch of Reionization, at z=7. Throughout the presentation, I will briefly overview the radio-mm instruments used for these studies and conclude with some remarks on the next generation radio interferometer that will revolutionize this field of research and astronomy in general. 


 


 

Date:
-
Location:
CP 153
Event Series:

Physics & Astronomy Colloquium

Dr. Charles Cao, Virginia Polytechnic Institute

Title: From quantum error correction to quantum gravity -- and back again

Abstract: Recent advances in quantum computing have generated tremendous excitement. Quantum bits, however, are easily corrupted and protocols called quantum error correction are essential for maintaining quantum coherence during the computation process. Although quantum error correction may sound like a purely engineering concept, it bears a surprising connection to quantum gravity. In this talk, I will discuss how techniques developed to protect quantum information against decoherence have reshaped the way we think about spacetime and gravity. Conversely, insights from quantum gravity have inspired powerful “quantum Lego” design principles, allowing us to construct quantum error-correcting codes piece by piece, much like playing with Lego blocks.

Date:
-
Location:
CP 153
Event Series: