Abstract: I will discuss the origin of the proton mass from the Hamiltonian and gravitational form factor formulations. After examining the mass decomposition in the stress-energy-momentum tensor, it is found that the glue part of the trace anomaly can be identified as  the vacuum energy from the glue condensate and gives a CONSTANT restoring pressure which balances that from the traceless part of the Hamiltonian to confine the hadron, much like the cosmological constant Einstein introduced for a static universe.

 

 The separation of the connected and disconnected sea partons is accommodated with the CT18 parametrization of the global analysis of the parton distribution functions (PDFs). This is achieved with the help of the constraint from the lattice calculation of the ratio of the strange momentum fraction to that of the $\bar u$ or $\bar d$ in the disconnected insertion. We give the second moments for valence, connected and disconnected sea partons to be compared with lattice calculation for each parton degree of freedom.

 

Recording: https://uky.zoom.us/rec/share/x1ImgASuPUJov7Ne_aozqohMBhnDrsmxUdUAUzIWmWvEhWY7eKLDM9DlfRJchRlZ.XhF8I9asiwyoAZR9