Understanding the physics that governs the valence region of the nucleon is one of the central goals of hadronic physics. The valence region, which is ‘free’ from sea effects, stands as a challenging yet clean testing ground for various theoretical models that attempt to explain physics that operates this regime. Data from various complementary world wide efforts have recently provided tight constraints on PDFs in previously unmeasured regions at a wide range of Bjorken-x and Q2 for quarks, and anti-quarks.

Recently, three Jefferson Lab experiments, MARATHON (Hall A using 3H and 3He targets), BoNUS12 (Hall B using H and D targets), and F2d/F2p (Hall C using H and D targets) finished data taking in which they measured unpo- larized DIS cross sections. MARATHON and BONUS12 used novel techniques in minimizing nuclear effects in extracting the PDFs and their data will help constrain d(x)/u(x) ratio in the high-x region. Also, a planned experiment that proposes to use parity violation (PVDIS on the proton) using the proposed SoLID spectrometer will independently constrain the d(x)/u(x) ratio at high-x without contamination from nuclear corrections.

Recently, the SeaQuest experiment at Fermilab and RHIC at BNL used Drell-Yan dilepton production and W+/W− ratios to constrain the d(x)/u(x) ratio in the intermediate and ‘high-x’ region for sea quarks. Absolute Drell-Yan cross section data taken on a deuterium target at SeaQuest could also be used to constrain the d(x) + u(x) in the high-x region.

For the spin sector, An1 and dn2 experiments (Hall C using 3He target and a polarized e− beam) at Jefferson Lab successfully finished data taking. These experiments along with measurements on the proton from CLAS12 and SoLID will provide data on spin structure functions g1 and g2 for both, the proton and neutron, which will be used for flavor decomposition of u and d helicity distributions in the valence region. Overview of the experimental efforts and recent results will be presented in this talk.