The 7 Ms Chandra X-ray Observatory exposure on the Chandra
Deep Field-South (CDF-S) has provided the most sensitive
extragalactic X-ray survey by a wide margin. About 1050
X-ray sources have been detected, primarily distant active
galactic nuclei (AGNs) and starburst/normal galaxies. The
unmatched deep multiwavelength coverage for these sources
allows superb follow-up investigations, revealing the
details of supermassive black hole growth over most of
cosmic time. I will briefly describe the sources in the
7 Ms CDF-S and highlight some exciting science results.
The latter will include (1) evidence for black-hole vs.
bulge co-evolution in the distant universe; (2) constraints
on supermassive black hole growth in the first galaxies as
revealed by direct detection and stacking; and (3) the
discovery of representatives of a new population of faint,
fast X-ray transient sources. Finally, I will discuss some
future prospects for X-ray surveys of AGNs in the distant
universe, including the ongoing 5 Ms XMM-SERVS survey of
the LSST Deep Drilling Fields and new X-ray missions.